Hsc 3008 Implement Therapeutic Group Activities - 5800 Words

Advances in Psychiatric TreatmentSkip to main page content HOME CURRENT FEEDBACK SUBSCRIBE HELP Search for Keyword: GO Advanced Search User Name Password Sign In Expand+ Article Non-pharmacological interventions in dementia Simon Douglas, Ian James and Clive Ballard Simon Douglas is a clinical research nurse at the Wolfson Research Centre in Newcastle upon Tyne. He is currently coordinating a number of studies, particularly on dementia in nursing and residential homes and providing input into a new trial of non-pharmacological interventions for dementia. Ian James is a consultant clinical psychologist at the Centre for the Health of the Elderly at Newcastle General Hospital and a†¦show more content†¦Side-effects such as sedation, falls and extrapyramidal signs are well-known, and more recent work indicates that neuroleptic treatment of dementia leads to reduced well-being and quality of life (Ballard et al, 2001) and may even accelerate cognitive decline (McShane et al, 1997). In this article we discuss the types of behavioural and psychological symptoms that are appropriate for intervention, and then examine the current use of non-pharmacological interventions. The article is intended to apply to all common late-onset dementias and to no subtype in particular. We carried out an extensive review of the literature on non-pharmacological treatments for dementia using Medline and other related searches, but this is not intended to be a formal systematic review. Previous SectionNext Section The nature of the behavioursWhen reviewing this area, it is important to note that there is an ongoing debate regarding the definitions and basic terminology for ‘non-cognitive’ symptoms. The term currently favoured in the psychiatric literature is ‘behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia’, but most of the psychology community still use the label ‘challenging behaviour’ (Emerson et al, 1995). Within these broader terms, further distinctions have been made (e.g. Cohen-Mansfield et al, 1992; Allen-Burge et al,

Carnegie, the Selfish Philanthropist - 1126 Words

Andrew Carnegie, The Selfish Philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, born on November 25, 1835, was a Scottish philanthropist who was one of the richest men in America in the 1900 s. I completely agree with Carnegie s opinion of how the rich should donate their money toward the good of mankind before they die, but disagree with his actions toward his workers . He started working in a cotton mill making $1.20 a week only to upgrade to $2.20 working as a messenger boy. He eventually taught himself telegraphy and worked as Thomas A. Scott s assistant for $35 a month. He moved on to investing, with the help from his â€Å"mentor† Scott, in the Woodruff Sleeping Car Company and several small iron mills and factories. He was so successful that he was†¦show more content†¦This also prevents the family member or the heirs of the inheritance to be spoiled. Carnegie had a great point for doing this. For some strange reason, Carnegie cut the wages of his steel workers while at the same time putting money toward public programs that would benefit mankind. He even stated that he could put more use of that money than the workers ever could, which is ridiculously egotistical and rude. By not giving his workers a fair wage, he was hurting the economy. Our economy is based off of consumers spending their money. In my honest opinion, I think Carnegie is a selfish attention seeking mastermind. He seems very sensitive to what other people think of him. Don t get me wrong, he sounds like a nice, caring, and independent man. His intentions though, are outweighed by the means and basis for his profit: unfair and underpaid labor. The money that he made from his steel factory was ironically against his â€Å"giving† attitude that he was trying to generate. I think that after he realized that he would never have to worry about his financial situation ever again, he focused on becoming a public figure and cared about the public opinion of himself. An example to prove this would be how he reacted to the steel str ikes. While he was visiting Scotland, his next in command (Henry Clay Frick) replaced all of the strikers with immigrants. This action is said to have caused the death of 10 men. Carnegie took theShow MoreRelatedAndrew Carnegie on the Gospel of Wealth1250 Words   |  5 PagesAndrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland in 1835. His father, Will, was a weaver and a follower of Chartism, a popular movement of the British working class that called for the masses to vote and to run for Parliament in order to help improve conditions for workers. The exposure to such political beliefs and his familys poverty made a lasting impression on young Andrew and played a significannot role in his life after his family immigrated to the United States in 1848. Andrew Carnegie amassedRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesNo person will make a great business who wants to do it all himself or get all the credit. (Carnegie) One of the major characteristics that define the success of this Golden age was that of the onset of the multitude of inventions that played a major role in the reformation of agriculture and lifestyle.The transformation of the United States into an industrial nation took place largely after the Civil War and on the Britsih model. Although the Industrial Revolution brought many positive inventionsRead MoreLife, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1900 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween the wealthy and those facing poverty was ever growing, which makes one question, what should be done, if anything at all? This was a major problem during the time and was the topic of many debates. Figures like William Graham Sumner, Andrew Carnegi e, Henry Demarest Lloyd, and Henry George had all proposed their ideas of the situation at hand. In Sumner’s, What Social Classes Owe to Each Other, 1883, he argues that nothing should be for the poor because the way things are is how they shouldRead MoreEssay on Booker T. Washington2149 Words   |  9 Pagesshould not be selfish and should lead by example. After graduation in 1875, he returned home to Malden to teach school for both black children and adults. It was at this time where Washington was recognized as an eloquent speaker and leader in the black community. In 1878 he left Malden to attend Wayland Seminary in Washington D.C. In 1879 Armstrong asked him to return to Hampton as a teacher. In May of 1881, General Armstrong received a request from a group of philanthropists to suggestRead MoreAn Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: the Examples of Banking and Communication Industries18990 Words   |  76 Pagesmajor community reforms. Andrews Carnegie preached and financed the free public library. Julius Rosenwald fathered the country farm agent system and adopted the infant 4-H CLUBS. Carnegie was already retired from business and one of the world’s richest men. Rosenwald who had recently bought a near bankrupt mail order firm called Sear Roebuck and Company, was only beginning to build both his business and fortune. The two held basically different philosophies. Carnegie believed that the sole purposeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesis Larry.†39 Because narcissists often want to gain the admiration of others and receive affirmation of their superiority, they tend to â€Å"talk down† to those who threaten them, treating others as if they were inferior. Narcissists also tend to be selfish and exploitive and believe others exist for their benefit.40 Their bosses rate them as less effective at their jobs than others, particularly when it comes to helping people.41 Subsequent research using data compiled over 100 years has shown that

Harvard Business Review Case Analysis Free Essays

In making this cession, many factors have to be taken into consideration. One is whether a traditional or nontraditional approach is needed. Another is making sure that the decision builds or at least compliments the BMW brand positioning; and also the aspect of competitor reaction and tactics must be taken into consideration so that BMW can take advantage of any open marketing tactic opportunities or learn from the mistakes of their competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Harvard Business Review Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Taking these factors into consideration, McDowell presents four different options to think through and come to a decision as to what would be best for the BMW Company. These four options were: 1) to â€Å"milk† the existing films and try to Insert them into different media vehicles to reach a broader audience 2) film additional short films based on Clive Owen (main character of the series) because loved the films and spoke out for more 3) develop a full feature-length movie based on the series to show in theatres all around North America; give people a full beginning to end story 4) do nothing and focus their time and resources on coming up with the next big successful marketing campaign. After analyzing the case and taking all hose decision factors into consideration, my personal recommendation would be to â€Å"milk the existing five films by making them available too wider audience† and also â€Å"do nothing I. E. Simply move on to the next thing†. Problem Statement What specific traditional or nontraditional marketing actions should BMW implement to follow up its short film series so that they retain and build positioned brand image? Recommendations The short films were a huge success and hit among audiences that viewed it. But the number of people that actually viewed It had much more potential. Therefore to each this potential BMW should push the short film series through different channels to reach a wider more broad audience. These different channels include, but are not limited to, theatres by showing them during trailers or before feature presentations, industry related magazine inserts, and online advertisements clips with links to the website where the viewers can see the entire series of films. The film series was a great move for BMW marketing efforts and showed to be very effective for them, but it would be foolish of them to only settle for a part of the potential effect the series had, and not strive to â€Å"milk† it for all its worth. My recommendation to â€Å"00 nothing† comes In ten Trace AT not long any Turner Telling AT letter more mini films or a full length feature film. As discussed in the case study, â€Å"repeat performances were rarely as compelling as premiere performances. It would not be beneficial for BMW to waste valuable time and resources on a tactic that has already been utilized to its fullest, when it could be putting those resources to better use through the development of new / different marketing tactics. BMW needs to focus its arresting sights on innovating the next big traditional or nontraditional campaign to better reach and communicate with its audiences and through that see increasing returns. How to cite Harvard Business Review Case Analysis, Papers

Beliefs on nursing and healthcare free essay sample

Bioethical issues are relevant to nurses’ work in everyday practice, but in matters of bioethics nurses usually are not autonomous decision makers. Nursing ethics, as a unique ? eld, continues to be debated. Fry, Veatch, and Taylor (2011) continue to support the view that both nursing ethics and medical ethics are valid subcate © Jones Bartlett ? eld of bioethics. Additional views are that everyday ethicalBartlett Learning,  © Jones gories of the larger Learning, LLC NOT nursing NOT practiceSALE OR DISTRIBUTION FOR in nursing is situated within an interdisciplinary team and thatFOR SALE OR DISTRIB ethics is distinctive from other disciplines in bioethics but is not yet unique (Volker, 2003; Holm, 2006; Wright Brajtman, 2011). The experiences and needs of practicing nurses, along with explorations of the meaning of nursing ethics, are areas of emphasis in nursingBartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones ethics. Johnstone (2008) de? ned nursing ethics as â€Å"the examination of all kinds of ethical and NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION bioethical issues from the perspective of nursing theory and practice, which, in turn, rest on the agreed core concepts of nursing, namely: person, culture, care, health, healing, environment and nursing itself† (p. 16). Johnstone’s de? nition of nursing ethics is consistent with a common view that a strong Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC bond between nursing ethics and nursing theory distinguishes nursing ethics  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC from other areas of healthcare ethics. FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT Nurses’ professional relationships to patient care and within the healthcare team bring about ethical issues unique to the nursing profession. To practice nursing ethically, nurses must be sensitive enough to recognize when they are facing seemingly obscure ethical issues in everyday work.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLCin Nursing Professional Codes of Ethics NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB Professional nursing can be traced to England in the 1800s, to the school that was founded by Florence Nightingale, where profession-shaping ethical precepts and values were communicated. By the end of the 1800s, modern nursing had been established, and ethics was becoming a discussion topic in nursing. The Nightin © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC written under the chairmanship of a Detroit nursingLearning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett school gale Pledge of 1893 was NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONto establish nursing as NOTand a science. SixOR DISTRIBUTION principal, Lystra Gretter, an art FOR SALE years later, in 1899, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) was established and became known as a pioneer in developing a code of ethics for nurses. Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 22183_CH03_Pass3. qxd 1/11/12 Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 3:13 PM Page 71  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Professional Codes of Ethics in Nursing 71  © Jones 20th century, Learning, LLC  © By the turn of the Bartlett the ? rst book on nursing ethics, titled Nursing Jones Bartlett Learning, Ethics: For Hospital andSALE Use (1900), had been written by an American nurse NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR Private OR DISTRIBUTION leader, Isabel Hampton Robb. In Robb’s book, the titles of the chapters were descriptive of the times and moral milieu, such as Chapter 4: The Probationer, Chapter 7: Uniform, Chapter 8: Night-Duty, and Chapter 12: The Care of the Patient (nurse–physician, nurse–nurse, nurse–public relationships). The focus in  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC the nursing code initially was on physicians, because, typically, male physicians NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION trained nurses in the Nightingale era. Nurses’ technical training and obedience to physicians remained at the forefront of nursing responsibilities into the 1960s. This emphasis was re? ected in the ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses as late as 1965. However, by 1973, the ICN code re? ected a shift in nursing responsibility from a focus on obedience LLC Bartlett Learning, to physicians to a focus on patient needs, where Bartlettto this day. LLC  © Jones it remains Learning, Jones OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics for Nurses â€Å"A Suggested Code† was published in the American Journal of Nursing (AJN) in 1926 by the American Nurses Association (ANA), but was never adopted; in 1940 â€Å"A Tentative Code† was published in AJN, but again was never adopted (Davis, Fowler, and Jones Bartlett Learning,  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Aroskar, 2010). The ANA adopted its ? rst of? cial code in 1950. Three more code reviNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION sions occurred before the creation of the interpretative statements in 1976. The word â€Å"ethics† was not added to the title until the 1985 code was replaced with its sixth and latest revision in 2001. Within the code are nine moral provisions that are nonnegotiable with regard to nurses’ work. Detailed guidelines for clinical  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC practice, education, research, administration, and self-development are found in NOT FOR accompanying DISTRIBUTION of each provision (see Appendix A for OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE the SALE OR interpretive statements the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements). A clear patient focus in the 2001 code obliges nurses to remain attentive and loyal to each patient in their care, but nurses must also be cognizant of ethical issues and con? icts of interest that potentially have a negative effect on patient care and Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC relationships with patients. Other forces to be reckoned with in today’s environOT FOR SALE ORment are the politics in institutions and cost-cuttingFOR SALE (see Box 3. 1). DISTRIBUTION NOT strategic plans OR DISTRIBUTION In the code, the ANA (2001) emphasized the need for the habitual practice of virtues such as wisdom, honesty, and courage, because these virtues re? ect a morally good person and promote the values of human dignity, well-being, respect, health, and Jones Bartlettin nursing emphasize what is important for the Jones Bartlett Learning,  © independence. Values Learning, LLC  © nurse personally and for patients. The ANA emphasized the magnitude of moral NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION respect for all human beings, including the respect of nurses for themselves. Personal regard involves nurses extending attention and care to their own requisite needs, as nurses who do not regard themselves as worthy of care usually cannot fully care for others. Recognizing the dignity of oneself and of each patient is essen © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC tial in moral reasoning. There are other statements in the code about wholeness of NOT FOR SALE ORpertains to recognizing the values of the nursing professionSALE OR DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR and character, which one’s own authentic moral values, integrating these belief systems, and then expressing them appropriately. Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 22183_CH03_Pass3. qxd 1/11/12 Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 3:13 PM Page 72  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 72 CHAPTER 3: Ethics in Professional Nursing Practice BOX 3. 1  © JonesFORMATIONS: CODE OF ETHICS APPLICATION Bartlett Learning, LLC ETHICAL NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB In the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, the ANA currently emphasizes the word â€Å"patient† instead of the word â€Å"client† in referring to the recipients of nursing care. Do you agree with this change? Please explain your rationale for your answer. Take a few minutes to review the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC there be additional provisions of the Bartlett you  © Jones code? Would Learning, LLC (2001) in Appendix A. In your view, should NOT FOR SALE ORnine provisions? Please explain your rationale for yourFOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION NOT answers. remove any of the After reviewing the interpretive statements in the code, discuss random brief scenarios on how nurses can justify their actions with the following approaches or frameworks: the principles of autonomy, bene? cence, nonmale? cence, and justice; Kant’s categorical imperatives based on deontology; a utilitarian Bartlett Learning, LLC framework; a virtue ethics approach; and an ethicLearning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett of care approach. Jones OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION International Council of Nurses’ Code of Ethics for Nurses In 1953, the ICN adopted its ? rst code of ethics for nurses. (See Appendix B for the 2006 ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses. ) The multiple revisions illustrate a reaf? rma © Jonesof the code as a universal global document for ethical practice © Jones TheBartlett Learning, tion Bartlett Learning, LLC in nursing. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT four major elements contained in the code involve standards related to nurses and FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION people, practice, the profession, and coworkers. The elements in the code form a framework that must be internalized before it can be used as a guide for nursing conduct in practice, education, research, and leadership.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC Common Thread between American Nurses Association and NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION of Nurses Codes NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION International Council A common theme between the ANA (2001) and ICN (2006) codes is a focus on the importance of compassionate patient care aimed at alleviating suffering. Nurses are to support patients’ self-determination and are to protect the moral space where Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC receive care. The interests of variousBartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones nursing associations and healthcare patients OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR of patients. Nurses are to uphold the institutions must not be placed above thoseSALE OR DISTRIBUTION moral agreement that they make with patients and communities when they join the nursing profession. Nursing care includes the primary responsibilities of promoting health and preventing illness, but the primacy of nursing care has always involved caring for Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlettpatients who are experiencing varying degrees of physical, psy-Bartlett  © Jones chological, and spiritual suffering. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Learning, NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB Professional Boundaries in Nursing Professional ethical codes serve as useful, systematic, normative guidelines for providing direction and shaping behavior. The ANA and ICN codes apply to all nurses  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC regardless of their role, although no code can provide a complete and absolute set NOT FOR SALE ORrules free of con? ict and ambiguity—a rationale often cited in favor of the use DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION of of virtue ethics as a better approach to ethics (Beauchamp Childress, 2009). Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 22183_CH03_Pass3. qxd 1/11/12 3:13 PM Page 73  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Qualities of Ethical Nurses 73  © Some © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLCvirtuous character cannot Jones Bartlett Learning, people contend that nurses who are without a be depended on to act SALE or moral ways, even with a professional code as a NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR in good OR DISTRIBUTION guide. In the 30th-anniversary issue in 2006 of the Journal of Advanced Nursing, the editors reprinted and revisited a 1996 article by Esterhuizen titled, â€Å"Is the Professional Code Still the Cornerstone of Clinical Nursing Practice? †, and solicited three responses. One respondent, Tschudin, agreed with Esterhuizen  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC that nursing lacks opportunities for full autonomy in moral decision making. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION engage in moral decisions, but theySALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR still There is abundant ground for nurses to do not have enough opportunity to participate. In the current uncertain moral landscape, nurses often wonder about the benefit of codes of ethics. Tschudin’s key message was that virtuous nurses with full autonomy and accountability have an internal moral compass to guide their practice and do not necessarily need a Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE ORcode of ethics. DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION However one perceives the value of the codes of ethics for nurses, they still serve as mandates for accountability in practice. Professional boundary issues occur in all settings of nursing. Professional nursing boundaries are commonly de? ned as limits that protect the space between the nurse’s professional power and the  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, patient’s vulnerabilities. Boundaries facilitate a safe connection in a relationship, NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION of legitimate control, because they give each person in the relationship a sense whether the relationships are between the nurse and patient, the nurse and physician, the nurse and administrator, or nurse and nurse. Boundary crossings or violations are actions that do not promote the best interest of the other person(s) in a relationship; crossings pose a potential  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC risk, harm, or exploitation to the other(s)  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC in the relationship. The blurring of boundaries between persons in a relationship NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION is often subtle and unrecognizable at ? rst. The ANA (2001) included numerous boundary issues in the code. See Box 3. 2 for a few examples of these boundary topics and moral obligations. Jones Bartlett Learning, of Ethical Nurses Qualities LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Numerous qualities, or virtues, could describe the ideal ethical nurse. The foremost quality, often considered the ? ber for all others, is moral integrity. Some people believe that moral integrity is necessary for the individual as a whole to ? ourish. A person with moral integrity usually is described as having honesty, truthfulness, trust © courage, Bartlett Learning, LLC  © worthiness, Jones benevolence, and wisdom. In this section, there is a discussion Jones Bartlett Learning, NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION of (1) moral integrity—honesty, truthfulness, and moral courage; (2) concern— advocacy and power; and (3) culturally sensitive care. Other qualities, such as respect for others and con? dentiality, are explored in the previous chapter. Moral Integrity  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC Moral integrity represents a person’s wholeness of character. T. G. Plante (2004) NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION stated that although no one is mistake free, people with moral integrity follow a Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 22183_CH03_Pass3. qxd 1/11/12 Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 3:13 PM Page 74  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 74 CHAPTER 3: Ethics in Professional Nursing Practice  © Jones Bartlett Learning, BOX 3. 2  © JonesFORMATIONS: PROFESSIONAL BOUNDARIES AND MORAL ETHICAL Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CODE OF ETHICSNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB OBLIGATIONS FOR NURSES AS SPECIFIED BY THE ANA FOR NURSES WITH INTERPRETIVE STATEMENTS (2001) Clinical Practice Boundaries Respecting patients’ dignity  © Jones to self-determination  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC Right Bartlett Learning, LLC Delegating tasks appropriately NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Practicing good judgment Accepting accountability in practice Alleviating suffering Being attentive to patients’ interests Bartlett Learning, LLCnurse practice acts and nursing standards of practice Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Working within the Jones OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Professional Practice Boundaries Maintaining authenticity in all relationships with others, such as nurse-to-nurse relationships, nurse–physician relationships, nurse-to-patient relationships, and multidisciplinary collaboration Addressing and evaluating issues of impaired practice; fraternizing inappropriately with patients  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones or others; accepting inappropriate gifts from patients and families; con? dentiality and privacy Bartlett Learning, violations; and unhealthy, unsafe, illegal, or unethical environments NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Self-Care and Self-Development Boundaries and Obligations Participating in self-care activities to maintain and promote moral self-respect, professional growth and competence, wholeness of character in nurses’ actions and in relationships with others, and preservation of integrity  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC Advancing knowledge and research through NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION professionalism, practice, education, and OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE administrative contributions Collaborating with other healthcare professionals and the public to promote community, national, and international efforts Promoting healthy practices in the community through political activism or professional organizations LLC or Jones practices that have the potential Jones Bartlett Learning, by addressing unsafe, unethical,  © illegal health Bartlett Learning, LLC to harm the community OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION moral compass and usually they do not vary by appeals to act immorally. Most of the time, when people speak of a person’s moral integrity, they are referring to a person’s Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones quality of character.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, People with moral DISTRIBUTION integrity pursue a moral purpose in life, understand their NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE OR moral obligations in the community, and are committed to following through without any constraints imposed on them by their moral stance. In a qualitative study on moral integrity by Laabs (2011), nurses’ perceptions of the de? nition of moral integrity were, â€Å"[A] state of being, acting like, and becoming a certain kind  © Jones Bartlett Learning,person is honest, trustworthy, consistently doingBartlett Learning, LLC LLC  © Jones the right thing and of person. This NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION despite the consequences† (p. 433). NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION standing up for what is right Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 22183_CH03_Pass3. qxd 1/11/12 Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 3:13 PM Page 75  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Qualities of Ethical Nurses 75  © of moral integrity include good character,  © FeaturesJones Bartlett Learning, LLC intent, and performance. Jones Bartlett Learning, Nurses with moral integrity act consistently with personal and professional values. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION When nurses are asked or pressured to do something that con? icts with their values, such as to falsify records, deceive patients, or accept verbal abuse from others, moral distress may occur. In a healthcare system often burdened with constraints of politics, self-serving groups or interests, and organizational bureaucracy, threats to moral  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC integrity can be a serious pitfall for nurses. When nurses with moral integrity must NOT FOR SALE the compromise usually does not interfere with their personal or SALE OR DISTRIBUTION OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR procompromise, fessional values. To have moral integrity means that a person’s character is made of up several virtues; three of those virtues are honesty, truthfulness, and moral courage. Moral Distress Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC Moral distress occurs when nurses or other healthcare professionals have multiple OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION or dual expectations and cannot act according to the guidance of their moral integrity. Jameton (1984) popularized and de? ned the term moral distress as occurring â€Å"when one knows the right thing to do, but institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right course of action† (p. 6). Nurses’ work  © involves  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLCof patients, emotional and Jones Bartlett Learning, hard choices that sometimes result in avoidance physical NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION suffering, painful ambiguity, contradiction, frustration, anger, and guilt. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB Since Jameton’s initial work, authors have continued to research and develop the conception of moral distress. Numerous scholars have linked moral distress to incompetent or poor care, unsafe or inadequate staf? ng, overwork, cost constraints, ineffective policy, futile  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC care, unsuccessful advocacy, the current de? nition of brain death, objecti? cation NOT FOR SALEand unrealistic hope (e. g. , Corley, 2002; Corley, Minick,FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION OR DISTRIBUTION NOT Elswick, of patients, Jacobs, 2005; Pendry, 2007; Schluter, Winch, Holzhauser, Henderson, 2008; McCue, 2011). Moral distress is de? ned in the context of institutional constraints. Research has revealed that nurses’ work environments have a strong effect on the degree of moral distress experienced (e. g. , Redman Fry, 2000). Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC Leaders of nursing continue to search for strategies to reduce moral distress and OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION promote healthy work environments. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) published a position statement to accentuate the seriousness of moral distress in nursing: Moral © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLChealthcare work environdistress is a critical, frequently ignored, problem in ments. Unaddressed it restricts nurses’ ability to provide optimal patient care and to NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION ?nd job satisfaction. AACN asserts that every nurse and every employer are responsible for implementing programs to address and mitigate the harmful effects of moral distress in the pursuit of creating a healthy work environment. (American Association of Critical Care Nurses [AACN], 2008, p. 1)  © Jones Bartlett Learning, NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB The AACN ethics work group developed a call-to-action plan—The Four A’s to  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC Rise above Moral DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE ORDistress—for use by nurses to identify and analyze moral distress OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE (AACN, 2004): Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 22183_CH03_Pass3. qxd 1/11/12 3:13 PM Page 76  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 76 CHAPTER 3: Ethics in Professional Nursing Practice  © Jones AskBartlett Learning, LLC aware that moral distress Jones Bartlett Learning, appropriate questions to become  © is present. Af? rm your distress and commitment NOT FOR NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION to take care of yourself and address SALE OR DISTRIB moral distress. Assess sources of your moral distress to prepare for an action plan. Act to implement strategies for changes to preserve your integrity and authenticity.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Honesty  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION In the 2010 Gallup poll, just as it had been over the past 11 years, nurses were rated as the most honest and ethical health professionals (Jones, 2011). Nurses continue to be ranked consistently as the most trusted voice among the healthcare professionals; Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC nurses have earned this trust becauseBartlett Learning, LLC to  © Jones of their commitment and loyalty their patients. According to Laabs (2011), nurses voiced that being honest was OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION important for three reasons: (1) honesty is a prerequisite for good care, (2) dishonesty is always exposed in the end, and (3) nurses are expected to be honest. In a phenomenological study of nurses on honesty in palliative care, Erichsen, Danielsson, and Friedrichsen (2010) stated that nurses had some dif? culty de? ning  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones honesty. In an attempt to clarify their perception of honesty, nurses often de? nedBartlett Learning, NOT FOR a NOT lying orSALE OR DISTRIBUTION FOR dishonesty as sharp contrasts to honesty. Nurses perceived honesty as SALE OR DISTRIB virtue related to facts, metaphors, ethics, and communication, while perceiving truthtelling as a palpable feature in trusting relationships. Honesty, in simple terms, can be de? ned as being â€Å"real, genuine, authentic, and bona ? de† (Bennett, 1993, p. 597). Honesty is more than just telling the truth: it is  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC the substance of human relationships. It involves people having the ability to place NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION emphasis on resolve and action to achieve a just society by exercising a willingness to dig for truth in a rational, methodical, and diligent way. A person with maturity in honesty will place bits of truths into perspective and prudently search for the missing truths before addressing the issue. In other words, honesty is well-thought out and rehearsed behavior that re? ects commitment and integrity. Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC There are many ways that nurses can portray honesty. For example, nurses must OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION stay committed to their promises to patients and follow through with appropriate behaviors, such as returning to patients’ hospital rooms, as promised, to help them with certain tasks. If nurses do not follow through with their commitments, trust may be broken, and patients potentially will see those nurses as dishonest or  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, untrustworthy. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION one’s self. For example, if a nurse was Honesty is also about being honest with in the process of administering medications and a pill fell on the hospital floor, would the nurse be justi? ed in wiping it off and placing it back in the cup if no one was there to see the action? Nurses might be tempted to wipe off the pill and administer it just to required form for a replacement  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLCkeep from completing a  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC medication, but if nurses NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION evaluate their problems and make decisions based on the NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION thought â€Å"always be honest with myself,† it is more likely that they will make rational, trustworthy decisions regarding the care of patients. Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION.  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 22183_CH03_Pass3. qxd 1/11/12 Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC OT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 3:13 PM Page 77  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Qualities of Ethical Nurses 77  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC Truthfulness  © Jones Bartlett Learning, AristotleNOT FOR SALE OR the mean between imposture (excessiveness) recognized truthfulness as DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB and self-deprecation (de? ciency) and as one of the 12 excellences (virtues) that he identi? ed in his book Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle, 2002, C. Row Trans. ). People accomplish their ultimate goal of happiness only by exercising rational and intellectual thinking, which is known as wisdom or contemplation. Aristotle explained  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC his view of a truthful person as being the truthful sort (see Box 3. 3). NOT FOR SALEthe principle of veracity, truthfulness is what we say and FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION OR DISTRIBUTION NOT how we say Based on it. Truthfulness, translated to â€Å"truthtelling† in the healthcare environment, means that nurses are usually ethically obligated to tell the truth and are not intentionally to deceive or mislead patients. Because of the emphasis in the Western world on Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC about their personal © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC patients’ right to know health care, truthtelling has become OT FOR SALE ORthe basis for most relationships between healthcare professionals andOR DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE their patients (Beauchamp Childress, 2009). In the older, traditional approach, disclosure or truthtelling was done with more of a bene? cent or paternalistic approach and involved basing actions on answers to the questions such as, â€Å"What is best for my patient to know? †  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones Bartlett Learning, The ethical question to ask is: Are there ever circumstances when nurses should NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIB NOT FOR SALE ORtruth to their patients? The levels of disclosure DISTRIBUTION be ethically excused from telling the in health care and the cultural viewpoints on truthtelling create too much fogginess for a clear line of distinction to be drawn between nurses telling or not telling the truth. The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001) obligates nurses to be honest in Bartlett Learning, LLC  © Jones matters involving patients and themselves, and to express a moral point of view  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC when they become aware of unethical practices. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION In some Western cultures, such as the United States, autonomy is so valued that withholding information is unacceptable. Under this same autonomy principle, it is assumed that patients also have a right not to know their medical history if they so desire. Some cultures, such as those in several Eastern countries, do not prize Jones Bartlett Learning, this way; the head of the family or the elders usually decide how much  © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC autonomy in LLC OT FOR SALE ORand what information needs to be disclosed to the family member as patient. DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION BOX 3. 3 ETHICAL FORMATIONS: ARISTOTLE’S â€Å"THE TRUTHF

Egypt Essays - Egyptian Mythology, Ancient Egyptian Religion

Egypt More than 5,000 years ago, many great civilizations flourished with great power all through out portions of Egypt and Southwest Asia. Due to their astonishing land marks (many of them still erect), to there great ability to understand sciences and math, and to their religion that is still practiced by many; The Egyptian Civilization is the best known. The Nile River Valley, and the hot, vast desert that is sprinkled with a few small oasises, was once home to these humans over 5,000 yeas ago. These Egyptians built many astonishing structures while they settled along the Nile. Many of these great structures (including the pyramids), are still standing tall and proud as ever. The huge brownish pyramids are the final resting place of the pharaohs, or kings. Today people flock from all over the world to see these great works of art. Another one of the structures that still stands is the Sphinx. The Sphinx is a statue built by the ancient Egyptians many years ago. The Summarians, the neighbors to the Egyptians, also had structures which still stand. They had Ziggurats. One of these structures that is standing today is the Khuzistan. These huge layered buildings where not tombs though. These were temples that where built to get closer to heaven. The Egyptians also developed geometry, and they had astonishing scientific knowledge for their time. They used geometry to help them build the pyramids and to restore boundaries of fields after the great flood that they had once a year. Their science knowledge about the human body allowed them to treat illnesses better than any known ancient civilization. They also had the ability to preserve bodies of the dead. This preservation is called mummification. With out this, we could not know so much about them. Their preservations of their powerful pharos allow us to see them almost as they looked 5,000 years ago. But, they weren't the only ones to make scientific discoveries; though, they were perhaps the best ones at doing it. Summarians are thought to be the ones who invented the much needed, round wheel. Also, the Chaldeans made a calculation of the length of the year to within seven small minutes! The Egyptian religion changed many times over it's development. Parts of the religion is still practiced by many today. Before Amenhoptop became pharaoh, the Egyptians believed in many gods, or polytheism. Amenhoptop tried to change their religion to monotheism, of believing in one main god. He did this by making the sun god, Aton, the main god. This was to try to make the priest have less power. This made the priest infuriated with Amenhoptop. When Amenhoptop died, the proceeding pharaoh, Tutankhamen (King Tutt), changed it back to polytheism. Their religion also believed that everyone had an after life. They thought that preserving the body would make the spirit happier. Before a person could go to ?heaven? he had to go to the Realm of the Dead. There he was thought to enter the Hall of the Truth. Here he must tell the god Osrisus the kind of life he had lived. If he had ever lied, murdered or been excessively proud he would be thrown to a horrible monster called ?the Eater of the dead?. If he had been good, he could live ! with the sun god and enjoy eternal happiness. This belief helped many people be good instead of evil. The Egyptian religion was very similar to the Persians'. The Persians thought that good would be rewarded and evil would be punished during an afterlife. But, the Summarians did not have a very firm belief in afterlife. The Egyptian civilization is truly the most known about. It is really a neat feeling to know that we can still see the tombs of their pharaohs, and even the pharos themselves that are preserved and look like they did when they lived. We also still have people practice their religion after 5,000 years since it's beginning. The Egyptians were just amazing them selves. Egypt Essays - Egyptian Mythology, Ancient Egyptian Religion Egypt More than 5,000 years ago, many great civilizations flourished with great power all through out portions of Egypt and Southwest Asia. Due to their astonishing land marks (many of them still erect), to there great ability to understand sciences and math, and to their religion that is still practiced by many; The Egyptian Civilization is the best known. The Nile River Valley, and the hot, vast desert that is sprinkled with a few small oasises, was once home to these humans over 5,000 yeas ago. These Egyptians built many astonishing structures while they settled along the Nile. Many of these great structures (including the pyramids), are still standing tall and proud as ever. The huge brownish pyramids are the final resting place of the pharaohs, or kings. Today people flock from all over the world to see these great works of art. Another one of the structures that still stands is the Sphinx. The Sphinx is a statue built by the ancient Egyptians many years ago. The Summarians, the neighbors to the Egyptians, also had structures which still stand. They had Ziggurats. One of these structures that is standing today is the Khuzistan. These huge layered buildings where not tombs though. These were temples that where built to get closer to heaven. The Egyptians also developed geometry, and they had astonishing scientific knowledge for their time. They used geometry to help them build the pyramids and to restore boundaries of fields after the great flood that they had once a year. Their science knowledge about the human body allowed them to treat illnesses better than any known ancient civilization. They also had the ability to preserve bodies of the dead. This preservation is called mummification. With out this, we could not know so much about them. Their preservations of their powerful pharos allow us to see them almost as they looked 5,000 years ago. But, they weren't the only ones to make scientific discoveries; though, they were perhaps the best ones at doing it. Summarians are thought to be the ones who invented the much needed, round wheel. Also, the Chaldeans made a calculation of the length of the year to within seven small minutes! The Egyptian religion changed many times over it's development. Parts of the religion is still practiced by many today. Before Amenhoptop became pharaoh, the Egyptians believed in many gods, or polytheism. Amenhoptop tried to change their religion to monotheism, of believing in one main god. He did this by making the sun god, Aton, the main god. This was to try to make the priest have less power. This made the priest infuriated with Amenhoptop. When Amenhoptop died, the proceeding pharaoh, Tutankhamen (King Tutt), changed it back to polytheism. Their religion also believed that everyone had an after life. They thought that preserving the body would make the spirit happier. Before a person could go to ?heaven? he had to go to the Realm of the Dead. There he was thought to enter the Hall of the Truth. Here he must tell the god Osrisus the kind of life he had lived. If he had ever lied, murdered or been excessively proud he would be thrown to a horrible monster called ?the Eater of the dead?. If he had been good, he could live ! with the sun god and enjoy eternal happiness. This belief helped many people be good instead of evil. The Egyptian religion was very similar to the Persians'. The Persians thought that good would be rewarded and evil would be punished during an afterlife. But, the Summarians did not have a very firm belief in afterlife. The Egyptian civilization is truly the most known about. It is really a neat feeling to know that we can still see the tombs of their pharaohs, and even the pharos themselves that are preserved and look like they did when they lived. We also still have people practice their religion after 5,000 years since it's beginning. The Egyptians were just amazing them selves.

Free Essays on Massachusettes And Virginia Colonies

The colonies of Massachusetts and Virginia differed both socially and economically. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was established on a foundation of strict Puritan religious principles and created an economy that relied on agriculture, hunting, fishing, and trade. However, the Virginia economy depended heavily on the cultivation and exportation of tobacco and organized its society according to the hierarchy of the Anglican Church. Virginia's economy relied overwhelmingly upon agriculture and more specifically tobacco. The combination of a warm climate and sufficient rainfall created optimal conditions for cultivation of this staple crop. Charles I stated that the Virginia colony was â€Å"founded upon smoke† (pg. 115.) By 1619 tobacco production had reached 20,000 pounds, and by 1688 the amount had increased 900 times to approximately 18 million pounds of tobacco. Settlers who planted tobacco quickly found out that it exhausted the soil, giving an advantage to those planters who had more land and could afford to leave some of their field uncultivated Indentured servants and slaves planted, harvested, and tended to tobacco and other crops, while planters profited from their labor. many of the laborers in Virginia’s fields were African slaves, but not all laborers were African. Many of the workers were indentured servants or criminals from England. The indentured servants accounted for over half of the white settlers in Virginia; these indentured usually lasted between four and seven years. After serving their terms, they were released and given money, tools, clothing, food, and, sometimes, land. However, many servants died before completing their indentures, and many who survived their service remained poor. Criminals from England had the option of being hanged or serving the rest of their lives as slaves in the colonies. African slaves first arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Some of the first Africans were treated as indentu... Free Essays on Massachusettes And Virginia Colonies Free Essays on Massachusettes And Virginia Colonies The colonies of Massachusetts and Virginia differed both socially and economically. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was established on a foundation of strict Puritan religious principles and created an economy that relied on agriculture, hunting, fishing, and trade. However, the Virginia economy depended heavily on the cultivation and exportation of tobacco and organized its society according to the hierarchy of the Anglican Church. Virginia's economy relied overwhelmingly upon agriculture and more specifically tobacco. The combination of a warm climate and sufficient rainfall created optimal conditions for cultivation of this staple crop. Charles I stated that the Virginia colony was â€Å"founded upon smoke† (pg. 115.) By 1619 tobacco production had reached 20,000 pounds, and by 1688 the amount had increased 900 times to approximately 18 million pounds of tobacco. Settlers who planted tobacco quickly found out that it exhausted the soil, giving an advantage to those planters who had more land and could afford to leave some of their field uncultivated Indentured servants and slaves planted, harvested, and tended to tobacco and other crops, while planters profited from their labor. many of the laborers in Virginia’s fields were African slaves, but not all laborers were African. Many of the workers were indentured servants or criminals from England. The indentured servants accounted for over half of the white settlers in Virginia; these indentured usually lasted between four and seven years. After serving their terms, they were released and given money, tools, clothing, food, and, sometimes, land. However, many servants died before completing their indentures, and many who survived their service remained poor. Criminals from England had the option of being hanged or serving the rest of their lives as slaves in the colonies. African slaves first arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Some of the first Africans were treated as indentu...

(Love) Message in Pop Culture Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(Love) Message in Pop Culture Paper - Essay Example ngs such as â€Å"The message† and â€Å"The adventure.† It sets straight his path on purpose and stress on living a life that is positive showing love to everyone. The release of sophomore, I-Empire transforms their inner self and having a facelift of their outside. The songs â€Å"Everything is magic† and â€Å"secret crowds† facilitated their outward transformation. They sang on transforming the world that surrounds us. Then lastly, Love pt.1. This is the ultimate point where their message is fully let out. It deliberates more on the relationship that binds us. The two albums have had an impact on life mysteries and the beauty power. All this is contained in majestic synths crescendo, soar of guitar riffs and drums pulsation. The song has transformed many. It has left many looking for experiences. Just like the biblical prophet his message felt on the deaf hears. He was discriminated on by religious crowds. This is same as the biblical story on reception of John the Baptist. Despite of the discrimination he flew high influencing their customers with potty humor and pants that are baggy. They equip their listeners with messages of love and hope. He is critical on the position of the church. This was largely on double Christian nature an hypocrisy. His lyrics invoke backbiting images and the urge to look holier when our actions stand on its own. He clearly jogs our memory by informing us that we benefit less in assuming a grin that is fake, acting as if we are fine yet we are broken and hearted. In his role as an artist he crafts his teaching from the bible. He assumes a role similar to that played by biblical John. So to his lyrics he lays bare the heart wrenching future visions, of violence and war. However, this also carries the message of truth, love and hope. These words exceed our understanding. His revelations are all in form of love, hope and the end of the world. He is simply honest yet his approach on acknowledging the return of Christ is unique. He

Research Exercise 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Exercise 5 - Essay Example Each answer must include references to each article you have used to answer each question: The Data Management Forum of the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) has defined ILM as â€Å"a new set of management practices based on aligning the business value of information to the most appropriate and cost effective infrastructure† (info world.com/2820) Stage 1: Identify the need: ILM can be required for two basic reasons. The first one is to implement storage tiers to reduce costs and the second is to meet regulatory requirements. An ILM strategy should only be implemented when needed and after determining what the need is. ILM is a need based focused approach to value based data management. Stage 2: Define your ILM Strategy: the concept behind this stage is to determine the value of data. The issue with this is how to value data properly. For this the aspects of the data that need to be analyzed are user, who is accessing the data, key words and file type. Stage 4: Talk to the Vendors: This refers to networking with industry professionals, vendors, consultants and reading product reviews to determine which vendor is providing the products which provides maximum number of solutions. It does not encourage limiting yourself to only one vendor to supply all solutions. 1. As far as regulatory issues are concerned, they apply to all data including desktop machines, remote offices and home offices and is not limited to server data only. This is a major threat to information security. Search the database of the Office of the Privacy Commissioner and locate 5 articles that relate to various topics covered during ICT265, such as unauthorised access to records, Ecommerce transaction, etc. Summarise the results of your searches below. 1.ID Theft, ID Scanning and Online Privacy: According to a survey conducted by the Australian Privacy Commissioner, the recent technological developments are a threat to the

Why Are Business Ethics Important?

Why Are Business Ethics Important? Nowadays for the company or the business man, making more money is not their only target because they should pay attention to other important issues .Therefore business ethics emerge as very significant for modern society and Modern Corporations. Further more, if they make decisions in business ethics, then these companies will have good reputations. This can be very helpful long-term. This essay focuses on how Apple company using business ethics and how Apple motivates their employees. In this essay, I have very clearly defined business ethics. Then it will talk about why business ethics and motivation are important. On the other hand, Motivation is a vital factor in an organizations success. It is defined as the energy that drives an individual to continue working on something. By developing motivation, the management is able to create a pool of workers who are passionate, hard working, ambitious, and committed not only to their jobs but also to the goals of the organization. Lastl y, motivation is encouraged by promoting needs such as pay, job security, interesting work environment, and healthy relationships among peers. This essay, which is composed of three parts: why business ethics and motivation are important, the literature review and some research of how Apple company using business ethics and how Apple motivates their employees. Why are business ethics important? Business ethics is currently a very prominent business topic, debates and dilemmas surrounding business ethics have attracted a lot of attention from various quarters. The only reason that business ethics is becoming more and more important and it has had a big impact on our communities. According to my research, there are many reasons why business ethics might be regarded as an increasingly important area of study. In summary, I can suggest the following reasons why a good understanding of business ethics is important. Firstly, the power and influence of corporations in society is greater than ever before. Evidence suggests that many members of the public are uneasy with such developments (Bernstein, 2000). For instance, one recent poll of more than 20 leading economic nations revealed that almost 75% of residents believed large companies had too much influence on the decisions of their government (Cywinski, 2008). Secondly, business has the potential to provide a major contribution to our societies in terms of producing the products and services that we want. It also provides employment, paying taxes, and acting as an engine for our world development. As a 2008 global survey conducted by McKinsey shows, about 50% of business executives think that corporations make a mostly or somewhat positive contribution to society, while some 25% believe that their contribution is mostly or somewhat negative (McKinsey Quarterly, 2008). Thirdly, business malpractices have the potential to inflict enormous harm on individuals, on communities, and on the environment. For example, the BP gasoline company, because it made a mistake, polluted large acreage of the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Further more, few businesspeople have received formal business ethics education or training. Business ethics can help to improve ethical decision-making by managers or decision makers. The knowledge of business ethics can help them to correctly identify, diagnose, analyze, and provide solutions t o the ethical problems and dilemmas they are confronted with. Why are motivations important? First of all, the term motivation derives from the Latin word movere, meaning to move (Tansky, 2003). To be successful or even more successful, nowadays both private and public corporations need to maximize the use of their employees skills. Aslan (2011) said Employees were considered as solely one of the inputs during the factories production process in the initial stages of the industrial revolution. And further more, human resource management is the most critical part fororganizations in todays highly competitive business environment. Therefore, make the organization effective through motivating employees that is the primary task of any managers. It is obvious that motivation can be main factors that determines the work performance of employees. And therefore an organizations success mostly depends on the highly motivated employees. But how do we motivate our subordinate? Maslow need tneedsy already solved some of these problems. If we know what drives the people, then we are able to make them to do what we want (Owens, 2004; Eren, 2007; Ko?el, 2010). Moreover, Kulkarni and Chiniwar (2009) said the Hawthorne Studies began the human relations approach to management, and then the needs and motivation of employees become an important topic for managers. On the other hand motivation is a framework in so many aspects because people are usually motivated by different combination factors. Reinholt (2006) argues that the organizational science literature on motivation has been polarized into two main aspects; the organizational economic position focusing on extrinsic motivation and the organizational behavior position emphasizing intrinsic motivation any highly competive business environment. Therefore, make the organization effective through motivating employees that is the primary task of any managers. It is obvious that motivation can be main factors that determines the work performance of employees. And therefore an organizations success mostly depends on the hi ghly motivated employees.   But how do we motivate our subordinate?   If we know what drives the people, then we are able to make them to do what we want (Owens, 2004; Eren, 2007; Ko?el, 2010). Moreover, Kulkarni and Chiniwar (2009) said the Hawthorne Studies began the human relations approach to management, and then the needs and motivation of employees become an important topic for managers. On the other hand motivation is a framework in so many aspects because people are usually motivated by different combination factors. Reinholt (2006) argues that the organizational science literature on motivation has been polarized into two main aspects; the organizational economic position focusing on extrinsic motivation and the organizational behavior position emphasizing intrinsic motivations success mostly depends on the highly motivated employees.   Literature Review One of the keys to successfully achieving organizational goals is to have fully motivated employees. According to Edward Staren (2009), motivators who implements positive reinforcements are more likely to produce desirable outcomes as compared to those who use negative ones. He also argues that factors of motivation vary on the individual level, which means that an effective manager has to recognize the needs of every employee in order for them to drive towards satisfaction on their work. Richard Clark (2002) points out the issues in addressing motivation are different when it comes to individuals and team-based organizations. He furthered that satisfying motivations in groups is more complex because the management has to find a common interests or goals from the members of the group before addressing them as one. Work environment is also important in motivating people. Other motivators include fair compensation and sufficient benefits such as insurances and performance-based incentives. In a study conducted by Poornima (2009) on employees in the IT industry, he concluded that both monetary and non-monetary rewards are not only crucial but also crucial in building satisfaction. In his study on software development staff in India, Poornima found out that monetary rewards are not always an effective motivator especially if the employees have already achieved their physiological needs. Michael Pepe (2010), on the other hand, identified extrinsic motivational factors to c ontribute to decreasing employee job satisfaction and commitment to work. Using a combined sample of 46 managers and clerical staff at a supermarket store, Pepe found out that as employees increase their perception on Supervisor ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s support, their satisfaction towards work also increases. An empirical study by Mannenetr and Kaen (2010) conducted for the tourism industry of Thailand and Laos showed similar results of positive working behavior if accompanied by effective motivational factors. Upon drawing a sample consisting of 140 workers who came from both the hotel business and travel agencies, the authors supported their hypothesis by coming up with the following results: (a) that the working behavior of people working for travel agencies and hotel businesses had the same rank level, (2) that the work motivation of personnel working for travel agencies has a direct and positive relationship with their work behavior, and (3) the working attitudes of personnel in the ho tel business also had a positive relationship with their motivation at work. Their study showed that positive reinforcements will then result to positive motivation, thus exhibiting better and positive attitudes in the workplace. Similarly, a descriptive survey approach conducted by Joseph and Dai (2010) identified factors that stimulate employees to work at their workplace. The study is able to demonstrate through a sample of 143 participants that positive motivators identified were: good pay, appreciation of their work, and job security are drivers of employee motivation. To measure the impact of motivation at work, Tremblay, Blanchard, Taylor, Pelletier, and Villenueve (2009) used Work Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) to identify its value in organizational psychology. Their study was double purpose: first, to assess if WEIMS is an efficient tool in measuring motivation level and second, to assess factors affecting motivation among workers (military = 465; civilians = 192). Their findings found that WEIMS is reliable and practical in producing valid results in measuring motivation in organizational psychology setting. Houts, Keppler, and Kalfayan (2010), on the other hand, focused on motivation theory, corporate culture, and employment law in relation to organizational behavior, human resource management, and ethics. The case study researched a true-to-life lawsuit filed against a company due to inappropriate team building exercise implemented among the female employees. The authors have exemplified that motivational factors may be us ed in the wrong direction to exploit employees and cast aspersions on them. On the other hand, I have found some information about business ethics. In my opinion, business does not have just one single goal, which is adding economic value. Every company wants their business keep profitable, that means sustainability. Andrew and Dirk (2004) said sustainability refers to the long-term maintenance of systems according to environment, economic and social considerations. This is the best way or the only one way to make a business keep survive in the modern society. The concept of sustainability is generally regarded as having emerged from the environment perspective, most notably in forestry management (Hediger, 1999). The environment part is the basic principle of sustainability. It concerns the effective management of physical resources that are conserved for the future. Meanwhile, all biosystems are regarded as having the finite resources and finite capacity. As this reason, sustainable human activity must operate at a level that does not threaten the health o f those systems. That means we have to build a world for our posterity that can really enjoy the same living standards as us. So the Mine Companies, Oil Corporations, and steel manufactures should focus on this important issue. On the other hand, economic sustainability focuses on the economic performance of the corporation itself. For instance, the responsibility of management is to develop, produce, and market those products that can secure the long-term profitability of the corporation. That means management of the corporation should include the business ethics concepts, and the top managers or decision makers should understand what business ethics is. Because it definitely can help them make ethical decisions. The development of the social perspective on sustainability has tended to trail behind that of the environment and economic perspectives (Scott, Park, and Cocklin, 2000). The key issue in the social perspective on sustainability is that of social justice. Because corporati ons are the most important engines of economic development, so they have the duty to help people to establish the just and equitable world. Some of goals such as ensuring environmental sustainability, eradicating extreme poverty and hunger and achieving universal primary education. It is very difficult to achieve the goal, but all the companies have to try their best to do it. Secondly, corporate social responsibility still a big part for business ethics. Making a positive contribution to society might be regarded as a long-term investment in a safer, better and more equitable community, which subsequently benefits the corporation by creating an improved and stable competitive context in which to do business (Porter and Kramer, 2006). For a company, the social responsibility is really important, and this is the most significant issue in business ethics. Corporate social responsibility that includes economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities (Carroll, 1991). Therefore, if a company accomplishes all the duties, then this company will have a very good reputation and it will help it get the long-term competitive advantage. First of all, economic responsibility is the most basic principle in corporate social responsibility. Because companies have their own shareholders who demand a reasonable return on their investment. And then, these bosses h ave their employees, so the employees want safe and fairly paid jobs. Both of them have customers who demand good quality products at a fair price. The legal responsibility of corporations demands that businesses abide by the law and never break the law or constitution. Carroll (1991) suggests that the satisfaction of legal responsibilities is required of all corporations seeking to be socially responsible. On the other hand, ethical responsibility obliges companies to do what is right, just and fair. Carroll (1991) argues that ethical responsibilities therefore consist of what is generally expected by society over and above economic and legal expectations. The last responsibility is philanthropic, this aspect of CSR addresses a great variety of issues, such as charitable donations, support for local schools or hospitals and taking more care about employees and their families. Lastly, ethical issues in the firm-employee relation. So its the ethics inside the company. Every company has its own staff, so all the bosses try to motivate their employees and therefore they will be working so hard. But if they do not have a good relationship, maybe a boycott will happen and it will be harmful for the corporation. So, the ethical issues in the firm-employee relation can assist with investors building a modern company. A first important area is the information policy of the corporation (Hopkins and Hopkins 1999). It can be contended that employees have a right to know about the reason for downsizing a company and redundancy. If the company fires the employees, the company should make the compensation package regular, because they become unemployed people, so they need enough money to bridge the time for finding a new job. Moreover, employees might take control of individual decisions relevant their own jobs, they are not only a pawn of the employers. Employees are also allowed to express their views on decision taken by employer. So a boss or CEO for the company, he is not the only one decision maker or dictator. Their staffs also have the rights to make decisions. Therefore, I think employees have a full and codified right to determine major decisions n the company. How Apple Company Motivates employees and business ethics Apple Inc. the one of the most successful multinational corporation, worlds third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia. Fortune magazine 2009 named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012. However, the company has received criticism for its contractors labor practices, and for Apples own environmental and business practices. But, as we all known nothing is perfect, so we can still learn some good stuffs about ethics and motivation from Apple Inc. Apple has been committed to the highest standards of social responsibility across its worldwide supply chain. It has been insist all of its suppliers provide safe working conditions, treat workers with dignity and respect, and moreover use environmentally responsible manufacturing processes. Well terminate our relationship with those suppliers which do not respect the code or they refuse to take corrective actions based on audits (Apple supplier code, 2012). To respect labor and human right. Apples suppliers must uphold the rights of their workers. Apple does not tolerate involuntary labor, underage labor, excessive work hours, or discrimination. And as a member of the Fair Labor Association, Apple is setting a new standard in its industry for transparency and oversight. Moreover, Apples suppliers must create a safe and healthy work environment for their workers. Safety equipment, proper ventilation, and emergency procedures are just the beginning. On the other hand, Apples suppliers must use environmentally sound processes, including managing hazardous substances, treating wastewater, and limiting air emissions. Its all part of a commitment that starts with product design and continues through manufacturing and beyond. Lastly, the most important part for Apple is fostering and enforcing ethical practices. Apple has established ethics training programs for managers that cover proper recruitment of foreign workers, record-keeping and documentation of business practices, worker ID checks and age verification, tracking of working hours, and general management responsibilities. Apple-designed training programs have educated more than one million supply chain employees about their rights as workers, local laws and occupational health and safety (Apple, 2012). Look at how Apple motivates employees. In relation to creative organizations like Apple it is argued that the key success factor is employees motivation and therefore Apple need to be rewards employees in order to foster creative thinking and sustain high motivation (Tiddand Bessant, 2009). On the other hand, Kaplan Norton (1993) said Apple makes a comprehensive employee survey for its departments every two years. The survey questions are only concerned with how well employees understand the companys strategy. Apple motivates people depend on the result of the survey. It offers, such as product discounts or insurances (Apple, 2010).This policy can retain more and more employees work for Apple. Moreover, Steve Jobs, Apples CEO, argues that the latter is the gravitational force that puts all the bright and creative people together (Burrows, 2004). By the way, money and gifts are both good things to motivate people. For example, Apples employees receive d a free iPod Shuffle or iPhone a s a thank you for their achievements (Apple Insider 2005; Meinck, 2007). So now we can easily to find that Apple has a good policy or systems to do motivate employees and doing ethical business. As far as I concerned, Apple will innovate more and more new high tech products and soft wares. Because Apples motivation policy will attract more knowledge people come to work for it. In the future, Apple will become a good example of business ethics, and then organizations will learn business ethics from Apple. Therefore, in my opinion Apple will lead our future. Conclusion Hope we can learn some about motivation and business ethic, and some good example from Apple. Motivation is a result of equally combined efforts of positive reinforcements and the personal goals of an employee. The literature review tells that there is a direct correlation between motivational factors and working behaviors of personnel. Theories such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Equity Theory, and Goal Setting Theory help in understanding how motivation is formed and achieved through positive and negative reinforcements. It is also important for effective managers to realize that not all employees are aware that they are already unmotivated towards their work. On the other hand, business ethics is very important for the company in the modern society. Both developing and developed countries must focus on the theories and concepts. It is very difficult to make all the businesspeople doing ethical business, but I think in the future, it will be come true. Our human will build a perfec t world.

Cloning :: essays research papers fc

This article, â€Å"Cloning Noah’s Ark,† is about the cloning of endangered species to prevent some animals from disappearing from the planet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three authors of this article were Robert P. Lanza, Betsy L. Dresser and Philip Damiani. According to Scientific American, they all share an interest in reproductive biology and animals. Lanza, the vice president of medical and scientific development at Advanced Cell Technology (ACT) in Worcester, Massachusetts, founded the South Meadow Pond and Wildlife Association in Worcester County. Dresser is senior vice president for research at the Audubon Institute and director of the Audubon Institute Center for Research of Endangered Species and the Freeport-McMoRan Audubon Species Survival Center. Damiani, a research scientist at ACT, is also a member of the International Embryo Transfer Society’s committee on cryopreservation. II. Explain the major concepts and points made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research done, results, his/her conclusions III. Your Summation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From this article, I learned a number of different things. I learned how the actual cloning process occurs. I also became aware of many different Endangered Species and other animals that have already become extinct. I also learned that a clone could have been born from an animal other than their own species. For example, a regular house cat gave birth to a cloned tiger. I learned that cloning is very difficult and a long process.....   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that the cloning of Endangered Species could be a excellent idea. Human beings have carelessly killed off many innocent living creatures on this planet by hunting them and by creating pollution that end their lives. If the we could prevent the extinction of healthy, harmless animals, we should do it. Cloning is a way to prevent the extinction